![]() ![]() ![]() In vertebrates, the ninth component of complement and perforin form oligomeric pores that lyse bacteria and kill virus-infected cells, respectively. Proteins containing membrane attack complex/perforin ( MACPF) domains play important roles in vertebrate immunity, embryonic development, and neural-cell migration. All rights reserved.Ī Common Fold Mediates Vertebrate Defense and Bacterial Attack This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pore-Forming Toxins edited by Mauro Dalla Serra and Franco Gambale. Commonalities and evolved variations of the pore forming mechanism across the superfamily are discussed. In this review we focus on recent advances in understanding the structure of these giant MACPF/CDC pores as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to their formation. While many different protein families have independently evolved such ability, members of the Membrane Attack Complex PerForin/Cholesterol Dependent Cytolysin ( MACPF/CDC) superfamily form distinctive giant β-barrel pores comprised of up to 50 monomers and up to 300Ã… in diameter. Following such assembly PFTs undergo a remarkable conformational change to insert into the lipid membrane. These proteins are typically produced as soluble monomers that self-assemble into ring-like oligomeric structures on the membrane surface. Pore Forming Toxins (PFTs) represent a key mechanism for permitting the passage of proteins and small molecules across the lipid membrane. ![]() Reboul, Cyril F Whisstock, James C Dunstone, Michelle A Giant MACPF/CDC pore forming toxins: A class of their own. C8 contains three genetically distinct subunits (C8 MACPF and Plu- MACPF, and conservation of several key glycine residues known to be important for Human C8 is one of five complement components (C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9) that assemble on bacterial membranes to form a porelike structure referred to as the 'membrane attack complex' (MAC). Crystal Structure of the MACPF Domain of Human Complement Protein C8 in Complex with the C8 SubunitĭOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) ![]()
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